Process for intimately mixing liquid and gaseous fluids.



"P. KESTNER. PROCESS r3011 INfIIMATELY mxmq LIQUID AND GASEOUS FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY29. 1904. l fi figy w Patented June 3, 1909 cmccmccmmcca mmmccmmmccrrc a: mmcmuccmun Y away??? I M/Qm J60. 6)v w am, t W\ fluid as air and water, suc

grill expelled.

PAUL KESTNER, or LILLE, FRANCE.

PROGESS FOR INTMATELY m ni.

Specification of Letters Patent.

{G LIQUID AHD GASEOUS FLUIDS.

Patented June 8, lit-909.

Application filed 51113 29, 19%. Serial No. 218,701.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL Kcs'ruua, a citizen of the Republic of France, and resident of Lille, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes for intimately Mixing Liquid and Gaseous Fluids, of which the following is a specification.

The essential object of my invention is to intimately mix air and water or other gaseous and liquid fluid by mechanical admixture for the purpose of producing a vapor of. humidified air of such permanent character that it may be distributed through. pipes; or for the purpose of purifying the liquid fluid or washing the gas For conyenience and brevity in expression I will hereinafter refer to aseous and liquid iibeing the matter usually treated.-

I can enabled to accomplish the object of my invention through the employment of a process by which water distri uted over rapidly rotating blades or surfaces to be eeritrifugally' expelled therefrom is at the some time subjected to the influence of currents of air generated by centrifu al expul sioh from narrow passages forme by or between said surfaces, said currents assisting in thinly distribu'tin the-water over the suro'r' blades a'ioi'esaid, at the same time by the force of their outward expulsioirand immediate contact with said blades or surifaces, ectingbcth to take up. or absorb a portion ol the water thereon and to assist m the: centrifugal expulsion of the Water therefrom, causing it to be reduced to an ex tremely fine state of atomization whereby it may mix with the air likewise centrifuy nvention can best be seen and'understoodby a description of the process expleined in the lightof the apparatus which have dound to be the best adapted for practicing it. For the purposeof fillustration l have shown this apparatus in the drawiii 5 used as a means for producing}, a humidified air together with means for dis tributing this air. y

Referring, to thedrawings, therefore, Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic view of the apparatus including the. delivery or distributing pipe which is used especially when the apparatusis employed forpurposes of huini ification. section the atomizer or fan which comprises a portion of said pipe.

Fig. 2 shows in vertical the essential feature of the apparatus. 3 is a cross section of the atomizer or fan. Figu shows in detail a section of the delivery pipe to which special reference will hereinafter be made; Fig. shows in plan Fig. 6 is a cross section of the extension to-the delivery pipe.

In the drawings z-A represents a casing preferably rectangular in shape so that it may conveniently be fixed either to the ceiling or wall of the room in which the appsratus is set up" atomizer V. This comprises a rotary fan consisting of a dish U fron which there projectoutwardly, in a direction. substantially parallelw1th the axis of the fan, 'a large number of blades 1, set relatively near together in order to form narrow passages L" between them. These passages open out- Wardly from an interior Water and air intake or receiving chamber X and may be herrowed at, the points of their exit by curving the outer edges of the blades.

ably tapering, being wider at the point of the r juncture. with the disk and tapering toward their outer extremities, this tapering being, however, along the inside edge of the fan blade, the outer edge of each fan blade being preferably in a line parallel with the axis of the fan. The fan blades are also shown crossed by a series of disks D, D D The fan is rotated by means of the pulley-driven shaft V extending thrbugh the casing and connccting with the disk U.

Inside this casing is the It is also to be noted that the fan blades are made prefer- O 's an openinglin the casing forming the inlet to the chamber X of theian. The cas .in at this point connects with the outside 0 the room by a pipe forming the entrance passage into the chamber X of the fan for the admittance of air and Water, water being admitted into the passa e Atthe' points at right angles to the axis of the fan is another'opening in the caslng connecting with the interior chamber thereof l throug'h any suitable conduit of discharge out into the room into which the vapor or humidified air is to be delivered. This pipe turns upwardly and at the bottom thereof at the point M is provided with a guard for directing surplus water-into a drainage pipe N extending back and entering the inlet passage.Q where this pipe is provided with I the inlet passage the effect is that it is pulled a nozzle R pointed in the direction of the inlet to the chamber of the fan.

Attached to and extending from the delivery pipe T is an extension thereof or duct T This latter is provided along the bottom with a slide R contained in guideways located on the bottom of the pipe T and which slide has a considerable number-of perforations .1 providing an exit from the pipe T downward into a gutter G. ThlS gutter is supported by hangers G which are arranged upon and depend from the duct T the arrangement of the gutter being such that the gutter will be opened laterally along the sides above the bottom thereof.

The operation of the means above de-..-

scribed is as follows :-When the fan V is very rapidly rotated the blades of the fan will carry around with them the air -contained-in the passages between said blades and'will centrifugally expel the air from said passages. This action may be increased by slightly contracting the exits from the passages, done by curving the 25 outer edges. of the blades. The effect of 'uch centrifugal expulsion is that very rapidly moving currents of air are made to pass through the passages between the blades of the fan and become centrifugally expelled 30 therefrom. Such develo ment of air currents and the centrifuge ex ulsion thereof necessarily implies a rapid ow of air into the inlet chamber of the fan from the inlet passage, air necessarily rapidly flowing into this chamber to take the place of that expelled. Now when water. is admitted into or drawn along into the intake chamber of the fan and propelled in the direction of the fan blades." By reason of their exceedingly:- rapid rotation when the water reaches these blades it is'broken up into fine particles and. by centrifugal expulsion made to flow over the surfaces of the blades toward the outer edges thereof.- At the same time, also, the currents of air rapidly flowing through the passages between the blades, assist in the distribution of the water over the surfaces of the blades; in other words, the force of the air currents assists in spreading the water over the surfaces of the blades of the fan in thin films. In their passage over these films of water, by reason of the force of their pro pulsion and by reason. also of the narrow passages between the fan blades by which the currents of air are brought into immediate contact with the water, said currents act to take up or absorb a ortion of the water before ts centrifugal ischarge from the fan. The air currents also assist in the 'centrifu a1 expulsion of the water from the outer e gGS-JXE the blades of the fan for the reason'that the air itself is impe1led-to move by the centrifugal expulsion in the 5 same direction as the water which is thrown into exceedingly fine films which discharge at the same time with, and into the currents of air moving in the same direction. The eifect is that a very rapid and excecdingl fine atomization ot' the water is produce In point of fact the air and water become so intimately intermixed that the air becomes humidified to a point of oversaturation, producing, in other words, a vapor of such permanent character that it may be conveyed through pi es. In this connection it is to beobserve that the fun not only acts as a means for obtaining a mechanical admix-- ture between the air and water, but it also acts at the same time to propel the humidi- I fied air through the delivery pipes or ducts.

. Reference has already been made to the fact that the passages between the blades should be nan-ow as distinguished from wide passages. The'reason for this is that if these assages are too wide then drops or partic es of water not sufliciently broken up might be carried by the currents of air through the passages between the blades without coming in contact with the surfaces of the blades- The eflect would be that these heavier drops or particles of water coming in contact with the more finel pulverized water beyond'the edges of the lila would act to take up or absorb the same, in other words, to extract'it from the air in which it would otherwise remain and be expelled through the delivery pipe. The reason, also, for roviding narrow passu es between the bla es is to obtain more e cctive centrifugal expulsion of air and so an increase of pressure in the air currents. In other words, the air should be carried around in the fan, being centrifugally expelled therefrom as distinguished from that type of fan which practically only beats the air. It is therefore an essential point, in order to satisfastorily practice the process, that the passages between the blades of the fan be reduced to a relativeiy small width, the narrowness of the passages being such, however, as not to interfercjwith the air-propelling feature of the fan t hat is, so as not to prevent that proper detelopm'ent of the currents of air above referred to. p

Reference has already been made to the fact that the fansbladesare preferably ta: pered, being wider at the point of their juncture with the disR supporting the same at the back of the 'inletxfl amberof the fan. The reason for this is that when the water is drawn into the intake chamber it has a tendency to be sucked into the back of the fan and flood the back parts of the blades or that portion ofthe blades nearest the disk des supportingthe same. It is essential, of course, iirnrder to procure a proper centrifugal pulverization of the water that it should be'very finely and evenly distributed 5 over the sififaces of the blades.

explained, this distribution is materially a sistedi by the currentsof air passing over these surfaces. Tie equal'distribution of water over the blades'is primarily obtained, however, by makingtlie portions of the blades receiving more water wider than those portions receiving a lesser amount of water; ii other words, the rear portions of the lades which receive more water are wider than the forward portions thereof in order that the water may have a 'larger surface to flow over. By providing a tapering blade, therefore, a more equal distribution of water -is obtained over the entire blade. v The disks which were before described as attached to the blades,-assist to a certain degree in stopping the Water anddistributing it at intermediate points alongthe blades of the'fan. Inother words, the disks impede the water in its end of the intake chamber. During its passage through the fan practically all the water introduced is taken up. 'A certain amount, however, is pulverized less finely and falls very jrapidly to the bottom of the tube T. This water is stopped by the guard placed closelto the bottom of the tube at the point M as before explained, by which it is returned into the passage connecting, with the intake chamber of the fan him which it discharges through the nozzle on the end of the ,pipe. A certain quantity of air returns at the same time by this pipe and the water, this air being in fact under pressure. A return of the surplus water is better obtained by reason of the fact that the delivery pipebf the fan rises obliquely to such a height. that the bottom part thereof at the point M is in line with the fan inlet. This is not necessary, however, as the water will return by lower than the fan inlet. speed of discharge from the fun up through the ('lelivery pipe no water remains in the i same. any water which might collect on its passage toward the farther disperses the pressure even if thepoint M is ()wing to the.)

As before Mb'ottoiii ol. said pipe into the gutter belou n'ojec ted therefrom iii and centrifugaliy plete huiiiecting of the fan even i the amount o water supplied be very si 'iall. After the humidified air has 'llltl(' l the pipe ".l it is discharged therefrom perpendicularly through the perforations iii the against which it strikes, freeing itself from any excess of water and then discharging laterally from the pipe or duct T into the room. 1

Having now fully described my invention what I claim and desire to secure by/Letters laten't is l. The process of intimately mixing gaseous and liquid fluids consisting in directing the liquid fluid onto rapidly rotating surfaces to become pulverized .by and disseminated "over said surfaces and ceiitrifugally the form of an atomic spray and into the gaseous fluid indiu-ed to pass over said i-otatii'ig surfaces expelled therefrom with said liquid fluid.

The process of intimately mixing gaseons and liquid fluids eoiisislii'ig in directingthe liquid fluid onto rapidly rotating surfaces to become pulverized by and dissoiiiiiiated over said surfaces and centrifugally projected tliereii'roni in the form of an atomic spray and into the gaseous fluid induced to pass into passages fO'lHlOtl'bOtVQOD said rotatiiigand moistened surfaces to pass over said surfaces and become ccntrifugally expelled therefrom with said liquid fluid.

,3. The process of intimately mixing. gasonus and liquid fluids consisting in introducin; a gas and liquid into a chamber to outlet lherofroiii through a series of rapidly r0- tatiiippassages against the surfaces forming the walls of which passages the li uid is caused to break to become pulverized )y and disseminated over said surfaces and centri tug'all v expelled therefrom in the form of an atomic spray into the gaseous fluid iii- 3 (lllttll to pass into and through said passa es walls being made to climb along; the iii- 1 i-liiicd plane and lflildtui 0 enter the drainage t-iibe above explained.

Accordingly a cor Iain amount of water circulates in 2](Ulltlnl nous manner in a cycle and produce-4 a eomfrom said cliaiiiborto become ceiitrifu a ly expelled from said passages with said liquid fluid. V

lii tesliiiioiiy whereof I have hereunto set Ill) hand in presence of two witnesses.

PAUL KES'lNER. 'il nrsscs: 

